ABSTRACT
Assertions that modernity secularizes the human-sacred relationship or gives rise to new forms of religi- osity are approaches that conceal the ontology of religiosity. These arguments rely on a religious concept rooted in a normative-epistemological categorization of modernity and the opposition between a singular religion and a singular modernization. This reduces religiosity to a static form and isolates it from the reasons and methods by which its followers adopt their beliefs, attitudes, and actions—thereby treating religion merely as an object of study. Theories of religiosity focused on individuality often refer to economic rationality principles or external factors, attributing religiosity to individual rationality. However, this overlooks how religiosity is constructed personally, limiting the understanding of individual religiosity. This study argues that conclusions derived from the modernity-religiosity dichotomy do not provide causal explanations or reveal the essence of religiosity; they obscure it. It explores guiding questions for empirical research, acting as a testing ground between individual religiosity theories and real-world scenarios. A qualitative study using a purposive sampling technique is recommended to achieve this. Such research should investigate how individuals interpret their religiosity, examining continuity and discontinuity in the const- ruction and enactment processes and their justifications.